Cervical Cancer in Nepal

Cervical Cancer in Nepal: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention

Cancer Awareness / By

Introduction:

Cervical cancer is a significant global health concern affecting Nepalese women, with a considerable impact on morbidity and mortality. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and prevention strategies is crucial for effective healthcare. Let’s delve into the evidence-backed aspects of cervical cancer.

Causes:

Cervical cancer is primarily linked to persistent infection with high-risk strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 90% of cervical cancer cases are associated with HPV infection, particularly types 16 and 18. Persistent infection can lead to the gradual development of precancerous lesions and, eventually, cervical cancer.

Symptoms:

Early-stage cervical cancer may not present noticeable symptoms. However, as the disease progresses, symptoms may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, and changes in bowel or urinary habits. A study published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology highlights the significance of recognizing and addressing these symptoms for early diagnosis and improved outcomes.

  1. Abnormal vaginal bleeding, such as bleeding between periods, after intercourse, or after menopause.
  2. Pelvic pain or pain during intercourse.
  3. Unexplained weight loss and fatigue.
  4. Changes in bowel or urinary habits.

Women must be aware of these symptoms and seek medical attention if they occur.

Risk Factors:

Several factors increase the risk of cervical cancer. A comprehensive meta-analysis published in the International Journal of Cancer emphasizes the following associations:

  • HPV Infection: 
  • The study confirmed that persistent infection with high-risk HPV significantly increases the risk of cervical cancer.
  • Smoking: 
  • Evidence from the American Cancer Society indicates that women who smoke are about twice as likely to develop cervical cancer compared to non-smokers.
  • Weakened Immune System: 
  • Individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, are at a higher risk of developing cervical cancer.

Prevention:

Proven preventive measures based on scientific research include:

  • HPV Vaccination: 
  • WHO recommends HPV vaccination as a primary prevention strategy, with vaccines shown to be highly effective against HPV types 16 and 18.
  • Regular Pap Smears: 
  • The American Cancer Society emphasizes the importance of routine Pap smears in detecting precancerous changes early, reducing the incidence of cervical cancer.
  • Safe Sexual Practices: 
  • A study in The Lancet highlights the role of safe sexual practices, including condom use, in reducing the risk of HPV transmission.
  • Quitting Smoking: 
  • The International Agency for Research on Cancer states that quitting smoking reduces the risk of cervical cancer, emphasizing the need for tobacco cessation programs.
  • Healthy Lifestyle: 
  • Adopting a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular exercise, contributes to overall well-being and may lower the risk of cervical cancer.

Conclusion:

Armed with knowledge and evidence-based strategies, women can take proactive steps to prevent and detect cervical cancer early. Collaborating with healthcare professionals, getting vaccinated, and embracing a healthy lifestyle are powerful tools in the fight against cervical cancer.

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