Cervix Cancer is the most common cancer in females in Nepal. <\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Although breast cancer is more common in cities like Kathmandu, overall cancer of the cervix\/ uterus is the number one cancer. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Signs and symptoms of cervical cancer :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n What causes cervical cancer? How is cervix cancer detected ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n It is usually detected by a regular screening program called PAP Smear<\/a><\/strong> . <\/p>\n\n\n\n Your gynae-doctor may also examine your cervix and take a sample of tissue for a biopsy if they suspect you have cancer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n How is cervical cancer treated?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n The treatments for cervical cancer are radiation, chemotherapy, surgery, targeted therapy, and brachytherapy. Treatment of cervix cancer is incomplete without brachytherapy, so make sure that you receive brachytherapy.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Can cervical cancer be prevented? Is there vaccine for cervix cancer?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the virus that causes cervical cancer in women and genital warts and also oral cancers in men and women. It’s a virus that can be transmitted through sexual contact. During intercourse or oral sex, HPV can make its way into the genitals, mouth, or throat and cause infection.<\/p>\n\n\n There are more than 40 types of HPV virus but only few types cause cancer. Now there is a vaccine available to prevent these cancers. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Getting the HPV vaccine reduces a woman\u2019s risk of cervical cancer and precancerous growths substantially. Men cannot develop cervical cancer, but the HPV vaccine may prevent genital warts, penile cancer, anal cancer, and the spread of HPV to sexual partners.<\/p>\n\n\n\n When Should You Get the HPV Vaccine?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n HPV vaccine works best when given before any exposure to HPV. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Routine vaccination<\/strong> is recommended for Ages 11\u201312 years, and can be started at age of 9 years<\/p>\n\n\n\n Catch-up Vaccination<\/strong>: Age 13\u201326 years, if not previously vaccinated<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vaccination is not recommended for everyone older than age 26 years. In general, HPV vaccination of people in this age range provides minimal benefit because most people have been exposed to HPV already. However, some adults aged 27\u201345 years who are not might be at risk for new HPV infection and might benefit from vaccination.For adults who are 27\u201346 years old, clinicians can consider discussing HPV vaccination with people who are most likely to benefit. <\/p>\n\n\n\n What is the schedule of vaccines?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Should boys also get HPV vaccine? Symptoms of breast cancer may include a lump or thickening of tissue. If you notice anything that feels unusual, contact your doctor as soon as possible. Breast cancer is often diagnosed with a physical exam and biopsy, which involves removing a sample of cells to be tested. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Treatment can include surgery (to remove tumors or lymph nodes), chemotherapy, radiation therapy and hormone therapy. Surgery can be either removal of tumor only, saving the breast or removal of the whole breast. Please talk to your doctor about which is more suitable in your case. <\/p>\n\n\n\n New treatment options are Targeted therapies, that target specific characteristics of cancer cells.Some targeted drugs are Trastuzumab (Herceptin) ,Palbociclib (Ibrance), ribociclib (Kisqali), abemaciclib (Verzenio), Olaparib , Avastin etc. <\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n One of the most common cancers among women, ovarian cancer is known as the silent killer because symptoms are often vague and difficult to identify. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Around 5 – 15% are caused by an faulty gene which comes in family. Inherited genes that increase the risk of ovarian cancer include BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Faults in these genes also increase the risk of breast cancer. Now tests can be done to find these genes in patient and other family members.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Common symptoms are as follows. Treatment is mainly combination of surgery and chemotherapy. New drugs like targeted therapy eg PARP inhibitors (Olaparin) and Avastin (Bevacizumab) also have some role.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Symptoms of ovarina cancer may include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n It is also one of the most common cancers in women worldwide. There are a lot of myths surrounding thyroid cancer, but it is actually quite treatable. Surgery to remove parts of your thyroid or entire thyroid can cure you\u2014if diagnosed early enough. Without treatment, though, it can be deadly. Early detection is key! Don\u2019t wait: get checked today by a medical professional specializing in treating cancer if you notice any unusual lumps or swelling around your neck area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gallbladder cancer is a relatively rare cancer worldwide , but the incidence is higher in areas in Nepal and North India around Ganga river. One potential hypothesis is the increased incidence of gallstones. The high incidence in Kathmandu is seen in population based cancer registry data. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Gallbladder cancer is most common among those between 50 and 70 years old. The disease develops when cells on the inner wall of your gallbladder develop abnormally. When these cells multiply too quickly, they form a tumor that may be either benign or malignant. Jaundice is most common symptom. Other symptoms are pain in abdomen, weight loss and lack of interest in food. <\/p>\n\n\n\n If diagnosis is done in early stage, surgery can be done for cure. If stage is late, chemotherapy are done to control symptoms and control disease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Colon and rectum cancer most often affects men older than 50 years of age and women older than 60 years of age. Because colorectal cancer progresses slowly and may not cause any symptoms during its early stages, regular screenings are extremely important to detect colon or rectal cancer as early as possible. By detecting colon or rectum cancer at an early stage, treatment options are greatly increased for a positive prognosis. <\/p>\n\n\n\n There are two types of screening tests: fecal occult blood test (FOBT<\/strong>) and colonoscopy<\/strong>. A FOBT checks for hidden blood in stool samples, while a colonoscpy allows doctors to examine part of your colon and check for growths or abnormal tissue changes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Early stage colon and rectum cancer have very good cure rate. Treatment like surgery,radiotherapy , chemotherapy are used in various combination according to stage of disease. <\/p>\n\n\n\n In colon cancer that has not spread to other part of body, surgery is usually first treatment after which patient may need chemotherapy. But in Rectal cancer, usually giving radiotherapy and chemotherapy before doing surgery gives best results. This approach is called neo-adjuvant <\/strong>therapy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In 2021, Subedi R and team reported <\/a>comparison of cancer in City (Kathmandu) and Village (Rukum) from cancer registry. They found that for every one lakh population, 100 female were having cancer in Kathmandu while it was about 50 in Rukum. So cancer incidence was almost double in Kathmandu. Breast cancer was the most common site of cancer in Kathmandu , which was eight times higher<\/strong> compared to Rukum, whereas for cervix cancer , incidence in Kathmandu is 30% less than in Rukum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n According to WHO country profile, total number of cancer cases in 2018 was 26,184 and Total number of cancer deaths was 19,413. They have not separated according to sex. According to this report , 22.7% of cancer in Nepal is due to Tobacco, 20% due to infection, 3.2% due to alcohol and 1.7% due to occupational exposure.(population attributable fractions) <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
<\/strong>Most cervical cancers are caused by the virus HPV, a sexually transmitted infection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/strong>There are some things you can do to prevent cervical cancer. Receiving regular gynecological exams and getting Pap tests are the most important steps to take toward preventing cervical cancer. Other things you can do are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
![\"hpv](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kccrc.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/hpv-cancer-prevent-iceberg.jpeg?resize=800%2C412&ssl=1\")
Cancers caused by the HPV virus.<\/code><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n![\"hpv](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kccrc.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/young-girl-receiving-an-hpv.jpeg?resize=468%2C220&ssl=1\")
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<\/strong>The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine protects boys against HPV infections that can cause cancers of the anus, penis, and mouth\/throat in men. Plus, when boys are vaccinated, they are less likely to spread HPV to their current and future partners.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n1) Breast Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
2) Ovarian Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
A heavy feeling in the pelvis\nPain in the lower abdomen\nBleeding from the vagina\nWeight gain or loss\nAbnormal periods\nUnexplained back pain that gets worse\nGas, nausea, vomiting, or loss of appetite<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
3) Thyroid Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
4) Gall Bladder Cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
5) Colon and rectum cancer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Some Interesting and Alarming Data from Nepal.<\/h2>\n\n\n
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